fungal · freshwater tank

Fungus (Saprolegnia)

Saprolegnia is a water mold that produces white cottony patches on fish, especially on existing wounds or weakened tissue. Common in cool-water fish (goldfish, koi).

Reviewed by Fast Aquatics husbandry team · Updated May 2026
Severity: Mild to moderate

Symptoms

What causes it

Existing wound + low water temperature + organic-rich water creates conditions for fungal colonization.

Treatment options

Always treat in a separate quarantine tank.

API Pimafix or Fungus Cure. OTC fungal treatment for 5-7 days. Effective for most Saprolegnia cases.
Methylene blue dip. Short bath (10-30 minutes in 1-3 ppm methylene blue) for severe localized fungus. Stains everything blue.
Salt + temperature. 1 tablespoon aquarium salt per 5 gallons + raise temp to 78°F. Effective for mild fungus on hardy species.

Prevention

Treat wounds promptly. Maintain pristine water. Avoid handling fish roughly during transfers.

Frequently asked questions

What does Fungus (Saprolegnia) look like?

White cottony or fuzzy patches on body or fins. Patches on existing injuries. Lethargy in advanced cases.

What causes Fungus (Saprolegnia)?

Existing wound + low water temperature + organic-rich water creates conditions for fungal colonization.

How is Fungus (Saprolegnia) treated?

API Pimafix or Fungus Cure: OTC fungal treatment for 5-7 days. Effective for most Saprolegnia cases.

Can Fungus (Saprolegnia) be prevented?

Treat wounds promptly. Maintain pristine water. Avoid handling fish roughly during transfers.

How fatal is Fungus (Saprolegnia)?

Mild to moderate

Related

Browse the full disease database for 45 aquarium conditions with treatment protocols, or check the care library for prevention-focused husbandry guides. Use our symptom matcher to rank likely diseases from observed signs, the water parameter checker to diagnose related water-quality issues, or the QT timeline calculator to plan a treatment schedule.

Aquarium-keeping fundamentals

Whatever specific topic brought you here, four fundamentals govern long-term aquarium success: water quality, parameter stability, biological filtration, and species-appropriate husbandry. Skip any one and the others struggle to compensate.

Water quality: ammonia + nitrite at zero, nitrate under 30 ppm freshwater + 10 ppm reef. Test weekly with API or Salifert kits. Use our water parameter checker to score your readings against your tank type.

Parameter stability: stable wrong parameters beat fluctuating ideal parameters. Most fish tolerate a wide pH range if it's stable. Sudden swings of 0.4+ pH or 5+°F kill fish faster than chronic suboptimal values. Use temperature controllers (Inkbird) + automated dosing for consistency.

Biological filtration: the bacterial colony on your filter media + rock + substrate is the engine. Never replace all media at once. Use our filter turnover calculator to size correctly.

Species-appropriate husbandry: research adult size, territoriality, diet, and tankmate compatibility before purchase. Use our tank stocking calculator + compatibility guides.

Frequently asked questions

How long does an aquarium take to set up? 4-6 weeks for full cycling + first stocking. Use our cycle ETA calculator + how long does cycling take.

What's the best aquarium for beginners? 20-gallon long. Big enough for parameter stability, small enough for budget + space. See beginner picks.

How often should I do water changes? 25-30% weekly. See water change frequency Q&A + water change calculator.

Why does my fish keep dying? 5 leading causes: uncycled tank, wrong species pairings, no quarantine, undersized tank, neglected water-change schedule. See full diagnosis.

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