Neon tetra disease (NTD) is a microsporidian parasite that infects neon tetras, cardinal tetras, and many other small tetras. There is no effective treatment - infected fish should be euthanized to prevent spread. Affects 50-90% of imported neons in some shipments.
There is no proven treatment for NTD. Once symptoms appear, the parasite has invaded muscle tissue + treatment is ineffective. Humanely euthanize affected fish (clove oil overdose, then ice slurry). Prevent further spread by improving overall tank conditions.
Not applicable - NTD is freshwater-specific.
Buy neon tetras from established lines (captive-bred from reputable breeders, not wild Brazilian imports). Quarantine all new tetras 4-6 weeks. NTD spreads through fish-to-fish contact + ingestion of infected dead fish. Maintain low stress, clean water, balanced diet.
Estimated cost: $10-20.
Yes. It spreads through cannibalism (live fish eating dead infected fish) and possibly through water contact. Remove dead fish immediately - if fish die overnight and tank mates eat them, the parasite spreads.
Yes - despite the name, NTD affects cardinal tetras, glowlight tetras, rasboras, and even angelfish in some cases. The 'neon tetra' label is historical.
The single most important disease-prevention step: a 4-6 week quarantine of every new fish before adding to your display. See the complete quarantine protocol.